Thesis - Challenges to international trade and the global economy - ID:05986 - Volum 55 pagini


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Executive Summary......................4
1. Introduction .............................. 6

2. The state of trade recovery from the pandemic before Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine ........6

2.1. Maritime transport sector – no end of disruptions in sight? ........................................................ 13
2.2. Semiconductors: Despite bottlenecks trade continued to grow .................................................. 15

3. Trade and other economic impacts of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.............17
3.1. Direct trade dependencies .......................................................................................................... 18
3.2. Supply chain dependencies ........................................................................................................ 27
3.3. Trade implications of the war and reduced trade relations with Russia ..................................... 31

4. Concluding remarks..........................................................................................49
References ............................................................................................................50
Annex A. Gap methodology................................................................................51